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British Celanese was a chemical company based in England. Formed in 1916,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/British_Celanese )〕 it survived as an independent company until 1957 when it became a subsidiary of Courtaulds. ==History== The origins of the company lie with two brothers, Henri and Camille Dreyfus. In 1912, they set up "Cellonit Gesellschaft Dreyfus and Co" in Basel, Switzerland. In 1916, the brothers were invited to live in Britain by the British Government, to produce their recently developed cellulose acetate dope for the war effort; the canvas skins of aircraft of the time were sealed and made taut with nitrocellulose dope, which was easily ignited by bullets. They developed the necessary plant and "British Cellulose and Chemical Manufacturing Co" was registered on March 18, 1916.〔("The Cellulose Inquiry" ). ''Flight'' (21 August 1919) No. 556 XI(34) p1119〕 The British Government patented the process developed by Henri Dreyfus, which lowered the costs of acetic anhydride production,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.celaneseacetate.com/aboutcelanese3.html )〕 an important reagent in the production of cellulose acetate. At the end of World War I, the British Government cancelled all contracts and the company changed to produce acetate fibres. In 1923〔 the company name was changed to British Celanese Ltd, a contraction of ''cellulose and ease.''〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.celanese.com/index/productsmarkets_index/products_markets_acetate/acetate_expertise/acetate_history.htm )〕 Softer and stronger, as well as being cheaper to produce than other fabrics used at the time such as satin or taffeta, Celanese was used in the production of garments. British Celanese was the first factory in Britain to produce propylene and from it isopropyl alcohol and acetone in 1942.〔A history of the international chemical industry. Fred Aftalion〕 Clarifoil production developed out of cellulose acetate yarn technology. Clarifoil full-scale production commenced from 1947. Henri Dreyfus died in 1944. Camille Dreyfus died in 1956. In 1957, British Celanese was taken over by Courtaulds.〔D. C. Coleman: ''Courtaulds: an Economic and Social History: Rayon''〕 The site is now operated by Celanese. The plant with the exception of Clarifoil finally closed after the last shift on Wednesday 14 November 2012. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「British Celanese」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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